Concept guide

Bid-Ask Spread in Options

The bid-ask spread is the difference between the highest price buyers will pay and the lowest price sellers will accept.

Concept

Formula

spread % = (ask - bid) / mid, where mid = (bid + ask) / 2

The spread is a cost

Trading at the mid is an assumption, not a right. Wide spreads mean you pay to get in and again to get out, which can erase a thin edge.

When spreads widen

Spreads widen when volume and open interest are low, when expiration is far away, and around events when market makers step back.

FAQ

What is a good options spread?
It depends on the product, but spreads under a few percent of the mid are generally considered tight.
Should I use market orders?
Market orders can fill at the far side of a wide spread; limit orders near the mid are usually better.

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